InSoldiers of God in a Secular World: Catholic Theology and Twentieth-Century French Politics(Harvard University Press, 2021), Sarah Shortall examines the twentieth-century transformation of Roman Catholicism by tracing the origins and evolution of the so-callednouvelle théologie. Developed in the interwar years by French Jesuits and Dominicans, “new theology” reimagined the Church’s relationship to public life, encouraging political activism, engaging with secular philosophy, and inspiring doctrinal changes adopted by the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s. By recoding political statements in the ostensibly apolitical language of doctrine, priests were able to enter into debates over fascism and communism, democracy and human rights, and colonialism and nuclear war. Piotr H. Kosickiis Associate Professor of History at the University of Maryland, College Park. He is the author ofCatholics on the Barricades(Yale, 2018) and editor, among others, ofPolitical Exile in the Global Tw...