1. Understanding ourselves and others
1.了解自己和他人

Yeah,unconscious. What am I B and why it matters? Understanding ourselves andothers.
是的，不省人事。我是什麼？為什麼重要？了解自己和他人。

Everyday talk ispeppered with references, either explicit or implicit to the unconscious. Forinstance, it's not uncommon to hear someone referring to another person asharboring anger at his parents or feelings of inadequacy about his ownabilities. Implicit in such remarks is often the idea that the person inquestion is not aware of the anger or the feelings of inadequacy.
每天的談話都充滿了對潛意識的暗示，無論是顯性的還是隱性的。例如，有人說另一個人對父母懷有憤怒或對自己能力不足的感覺並不少見。這些話中隱含著這樣一種想法，即當事人没有意識到自己的憤怒或不適當的感覺。

Also suchdescriptions might be offered as part of an explanation of why the person inquestion behaves as they do. That's why he does just those things that provokehis parents so much. And this pattern of behavior is explained by his lack ofself-worth. Even though he insists that he thinks highly of himself.
同樣，這樣的描述也可以作為解釋被質疑者行為的一部分。這就是為什麼他做那些激怒父母的事。這種行為模式是由他缺乏自我價值感來解釋的。儘管他堅持認為自己很高。

The idea of theunconscious is one of the many things that we call upon to explain why peoplebehave as they do. Is that a legitimate way of explaining how people behave?Natalie's tying her shoe? Why? Well, she noticed that her shoelace was untiedand didn't want to trip over it. So she tied it. Here we explain Natalie'sbehavior by positing psychological States that she can easily access that's.
無意識的概念是我們需要用來解釋人們為什麼會這樣做的眾多事情之一。這是解釋人們行為舉止的合理方式嗎？娜塔莉在系鞋帶？為什麼？嗯，她注意到鞋帶解開了，不想絆倒。所以她把它綁起來了。在這里，我們通過假設納塔莉的心理狀態來解釋她的行為。

Why is, you'renot sure of her reasons for tying her shoe after all, maybe she was justpracticing a new type of, not just ask her, but explanations of what people dothat are couched in unconscious terms. Aren't like that if you ask Robin why hekeeps missing the parties that his friends throw, he might answer, I've beenreally busy or I'm so tired after the end of the week that I just want torelax.
為什麼，你不確定她系鞋帶的原因畢竟，也許她只是在練習一種新的方式，不只是問她，而是用無意識的方式解釋人們做了什麼。不是這樣，如果你問羅賓為什麼總是錯過朋友們舉辦的聚會，他可能會回答說，我真的很忙，或者週末之后我太累了，我只想放鬆一下。

However someone else might suggest anexplanation of his behavior that even Robin isn't aware of, they might suggesta Robin avoid to these parties because they tend to be frequented by otherpeople who threatened his self-esteem. Maybe these other people aren't shyabout their impressive knowledge about topics that Robin cares about and takeshimself to be pretty expert on.
羅賓的這種行為可能會讓别人覺得羅賓對自己的行為很不尊重，因為其他人可能不會注意到他的行為。也許這些人並不羞於他們對羅賓所關心的話題有著令人印象深刻的知識，並認為自己是一個相當專家。

If you ask Robinwhether he avoids these parties in order to not have a self-esteem bruisedheel, vehemently denied, should he have the last word? If we explain someone'sbehavior by positing, for instance, an unconscious feeling of inadequacy, weare proposing to explain why he does what he does by appeal to something in hismind of what she is not aware.
如果你問羅賓，他是不是為了不讓自尊心受了傷腳跟，矢口否認，他應該說最后一句話嗎？如果我們通過假設一個人的行為，比如說，一種無意識的不稱職的感覺來解釋一個人的行為，那麼我們建議解釋為什麼他會做他所做的事情，而這些東西是通過吸引他頭腦中的某樣東西，而不是她所意識到的。

Just a few shortcenturies ago, such way of explaining behavior would have seemed absurd. Thereason is that for much, at least to the Western philosophical tradition, somethings being in your mind, almost guaranteed by definition, that it would allbe something you'd be aware of. But many, perhaps most of us don't accept thatdefinition any longer.
就在短短的幾個世紀前，這種解釋行為的方式似乎很荒謬。原因是，在很多方面，至少在西方哲學傳統中，有些東西存在於你的腦海中，幾乎可以通過定義來保證，它們都是你能意識到的東西。但是很多人，也許我們大多數人不再接受這個定義了。

Are we right toreject it? If so, it must be that we have good grounds for positing unconsciousphenomenon. What might those grounds be? If we can answer this question in theaffirmative and in this course, I'll try to make a case that we can, then itmay also emerge that understanding the unconscious will be important, not justfor understanding what others do, but for the project of knowing ourselves.
我們拒絕它是對的嗎？如果是這樣，那一定是因為我們有充分的理由來假設無意識現象。這些理由可能是什麼？如果我們能肯定地回答這個問題，在這門課上，我將試圖證明我們可以，那麼它也可能會顯現出，理解無意識將是重要的，不僅對於理解别人做什麼，而且對於了解我們自己的項目。

Many of us willaccept that. Understanding ourselves is important for living a full andsatisfying life. After all, if you don't know yourself, then you'll be prone toget caught up in projects, more likely to be what others want you to do withthem. What you want for yourself. That's not a good recipe for living a fulland satisfying life.
我們很多人都會接受這一點。了解自己對於過上充實而滿意的生活很重要。畢竟，如果你不了解自己，那麼你很容易陷入項目中，更有可能成為别人希望你做的事情。你自己想要什麼。這不是過上充實和滿足生活的好方法。

Maybe you'llpursue a career path because you think your family would be proud of you if youdid. But if you're not already passionate about such a career, pursuing it toplease, your family stands a good chance of eventually making you unhappy. Atthe very least you might find yourself wondering what might have been had youfollowed your own course.
也許你會選擇一條職業道路，因為你認為如果你這樣做了，你的家人會為你感到驕傲。但是如果你對這樣的事業還没有熱情，追求它是為了取悅你，你的家人很有可能最終讓你不開心。至少你會發現自己在想，如果你走自己的路，會發生什麼。

Similarly,friendships tend not to work well. If one or more of the friends feels to knowher or himself, but would be friend who lack self knowledge might not stand upfor herself when the other asks something of her recovery, a sacrifice, andthis could cause resentment in the relationship later on.
同樣地，友誼也不太管用。如果一個或多個朋友覺得了解她或他自己，但會是一個缺乏自知之明的朋友，當另一個要求她的康復、犧牲時，可能無法為自己辯護，這可能會在以后的關系中引起怨恨。

Similarly, Imight think that I prize certain characteristics and friends such as love ofadventure, hard partying or risk-taking, but that might be because I've got amistaken view of what I really value. If that happens, I might end up with aseries of unsatisfying friendships that aren't likely to last for a long, weneed to be true to ourselves.
同樣地，我可能認為我看重某些特質和朋友，比如喜歡冒險，參加激烈的聚會或冒險，但這可能是因為我對我真正看重的東西有一個錯誤的看法。如果那樣的話，我可能會得到一系列不令人滿意的友誼，這種友誼不會持續太久，我們需要忠於自己。

But sometimesthat means getting in touch with desires, aspirations, and even fears that wearen't consciously aware of. Further acknowledging those aspects of ourselvescan be difficult. It's hard to realize that you have desires, resentments,jealousies, and fears of what you have been ignorant realizing any of thesethings might undermine your picture of yourself and require renegotiating yourrelationships with some of the people in your life.
但有時，這意味著要接觸到我們没有意識到的欲望、願望甚至恐懼。進一步承認自己的這些方面可能很困難。很難意識到你有欲望、怨恨、嫉妒和對自己無知的東西的恐懼意識到這些事情可能會破壞你對自己的形象，需要重新與生活中的一些人重新談判你的關系。

As a result ofthis new self-understanding, that can be difficult, even painful. And many ofus would just as soon avoid that hard work. So listener would be aware if youlearn about the unconscious and apply what you learned through your own life,you may be in for some surprises and maybe even for a bit of discomfort.
由於這種新的自我理解，這可能是困難的，甚至是痛苦的。我們中的許多人都會儘快避免這種艱苦的工作。所以聽者會意識到，如果你了解了無意識，並將你在生活中學到的東西運用到生活中，你可能會遇到一些驚喜，甚至可能會有一點不適。

I hopenevertheless, with this warning in mind, you'll join me for the journey. We'llsee, 40 each other, all the way you just heard was the first episode of wisdombelow the surface at Himalaya learning audio course. 
儘管如此，我還是希望你能和我一起去旅行。我們會看到，40個彼此，你剛才聽到的都是喜馬拉雅學習音頻課程的第一集《地下智慧》。