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PHOTOGRAPH BY MEL LONGHURST, VWPICS/REDUX

Traditional glazed ceramic tiles in intricate geometric shapes, many replicated as part of the building's renovations, decorate the entrance of the Bibi Khanym Mosque.
傳統的釉面瓷磚有著復雜的幾何形狀，許多復制品都是這座建築翻新的一部分，裝飾了比比·哈內姆清真寺的入口。

課程撰稿人
李夢娟

課程講述人
李夢娟

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The controversy behind this Silk Road city’s ancient wonders

一座絲路城市古代奇觀背后的爭議

01:16①At first glance, the turquoise domes and gleaming surfaces of Samarkand's Bibi Khanym Mosque represent everything a visitor, yearning to glimpse the history of this famous Silk Road city in Uzbekistan, could want: romance, beauty, piety, a grand memorial to the wealth and glory of Samarkand's past. 

撒馬爾罕（Samarkand）是烏茲别克斯坦（Uzbekistan）著名的絲路城市，遊客們來到這里渴望一睹其歷史風采。乍一看，比比·哈內姆清真寺（Bibi Khanym Mosque）青綠色的穹頂和閃閃發光的表面，代表了他們想要的一切：浪漫、美麗、虔誠，和對撒馬爾罕過去繁華輝煌的宏偉紀念。

05:30②But one of these famous blue domes was once cracked like an egg, another had totally collapsed; they are now substantially rebuilt. 

然而，這些著名的藍色穹頂中，一個曾像雞蛋一樣碎裂，另一個曾徹底坍塌，現有的建築基本上是后期重建的。

06:51③Some calligraphy is a late 20th-century addition, while newly tiled sections use modern designs that poorly replicate medieval patterns. 

一些書法作品是20世紀后期才添加進去的，新貼瓷磚的部分采用了現代設計，未能很好地復刻中世紀的紋樣。

08:11④Some say repairs are necessary to protect these sites and secure vital income from tourism. 

一些人認為，修復很有必要，既能夠保護遺跡，同時也帶來重要的旅遊業收入。

08:56⑤For others, these restored mosques, madrassas, and mausoleums have become sanitized and fake, like theme park exhibits rather than historical sites.

對另一些人而言，整修過的清真寺、清真學校和陵墓均已被美化過而非真跡，它們更像主題公園展覽，而不是歷史遺跡。

PHOTOGRAPH BY MARKUS KIRCHGESSNER, LAIF/REDUX
Uzbek cities have witnessed substantial renovations over the years, including Bukhara, another historic Silk Road trading hub, located to the west of Samarkand.
烏茲别克斯坦的城市在過去幾年進行了大量的翻新，其中也包括布哈拉(Bukhara)，另一座絲綢之路歷史上的貿易中心，位於撒馬爾罕（Samarkand）的西部。

HEMIS, ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
Set on the edge of the Kyzylkum Desert, Samarkand flourished in the 14th and 15th centuries under the rule of Timur (a statue in his honor pictured here) and his successors.
坐落在克孜勒庫姆（Kyzylkum）沙漠的邊緣，在14、15世紀，撒馬爾罕（Samarkand）在帖木兒（Timur）(圖中是紀念帖木兒的雕像)和他的繼任者的統治下繁榮昌盛。

PHOTOGRAPH BY MICHEL SETBOUN, CORBIS/GETTY IMAGES
The Bibi Khanym Mosque is one of the largest mosques in Central Asia. A large number of enslaved people and 95 elephants were brought from India for its construction.
比比·哈內姆清真寺是亞洲最大清真寺。大量的奴隸和95頭大象也從印度而來。

PHOTOGRAPH BY BERT DE RUITER, ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
A young boy walks past the ornate Bibi Khanym Mosque, built by 14th-century conqueror Timur (Tamerlane). The mosque, along with several other historic buildings in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, has been a source of controversy as scholars, locals, and governing agencies decide the best way to preserve the city's ancient relics.
一個小男孩走過華麗的比比·哈內姆清真寺，它由14世紀的征服者帖木兒建造。這座清真寺，以及烏茲别克斯坦撒馬爾罕的其他幾座歷史建築一直是爭議的來源，學者、當地居民和政府機構都在探討如何最好地保護城市的古代遺跡。

PHOTOGRAPH BY ROGER VIOLLET, GETTY IMAGES
People gather in a Samarkand marketplace, circa 1910. In the background are the remains of the Bibi Khanym Mosque, partially destroyed by an earthquake in 1897.
圖為大約在1910年，人們聚集在撒馬爾罕市場。圖中的背景是比比·哈內姆清真寺的遺跡，在1897年的一場地震中被部分摧毀。

PHOTOGRAPH BY MEL LONGHURST, VWPICS/REDUX
Traditional glazed ceramic tiles in intricate geometric shapes, many replicated as part of the building’s renovations, decorate the entrance of the Bibi Khanym Mosque.
傳統的釉面瓷磚有著復雜的幾何形狀，許多復制品都是這座建築翻新的一部分，裝飾了比比·哈內姆清真寺的入口。

精選語言點

1. 詞彙

1）controversy /ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi/ n. 爭論，爭議

2）dome /dəʊm/ n. 穹頂，圓屋頂 v. 變圓，膨脹

3）turquoise /ˈtɜːkwɔɪz/ adj. 藍綠色的 n. 綠鬆石；藍綠色 

4）gleaming /ˈɡliːmɪŋ/ adj. 閃閃發光的 n. 微弱的閃光，瞬息的一現 v. 閃爍，隱約地閃現

5）yearn /jɜːn/ v. 渴望，懷念

yearn to do sth. 渴望做某事

6）glimpse /ɡlɪmps/ v. 瞥見；開始理解 n. 一瞥，一看

7）romance /rəʊˈmæns/ n. 浪漫，浪漫情調，傳奇色彩

8）piety /ˈpaɪəti/ n. 虔誠，虔敬；虔誠信念

9）collapse /kəˈlæps/ v. 倒塌，塌下

collapsed adj. 倒塌的；暴跌的

10）substantially /səbˈstænʃəli/ adv. 大量地，大體上；可觀地

=mostly

11）calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 書法，書法作品；筆跡

12）addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 增加物，新增人員；增加

13）tile /taɪl/ v. 鋪瓦，鋪磚 n. 瓷磚，地磚

14）replicate /ˈreplɪkeɪt/ v. 復刻，重復，復制 adj. 復制的 n. 復制品

15）mosque /mɒsk/ n. 清真寺

16）madrassa /məˈdræsə/ n. 伊斯蘭學校，講經學院

17）mausoleum /ˌmɔːsəˈliːəm/ n. 陵墓；陰森森的大廈

18）restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ v. 恢復（某種情況或感受）；使復原，使復位

19）sanitize /ˈsænɪtaɪz/ v. 使……無害；給……消毒；對……采取衛生措施

20）exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ n. 展品，展覽，展出 v. 表現出；賣弄，炫耀

2. 詞組

1）at first glance 乍一看，初看，第一眼就……

2）a grand memorial 宏大的紀念

原文鏈接

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/the-controversy-behind-this-silk-road-citys-ancient-wonders