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WHITE IMAGES/SCALA, FLORENCE
Having been pierced through the heart with a stake, the body of a suspected vampire is "finished off" with a gunshot in a Transylvanian cemetery. 19th-century engraving
19世紀版畫。一具疑似變為吸血鬼的屍體被人們用木樁刺穿了心臟，在特蘭西瓦尼亞公墓遭“槍決”。

課程撰稿人
李大貓

課程講述人
李大貓

精選段落 

（注意：以下均為精選段落，段落之間未必有邏輯連貫性；如需查看全文，請移步講義最下方原文鏈接，復制鏈接然后粘貼至搜索欄查看原文）

How did 18th-century vampire hunters identify the undead? 

十八世紀吸血鬼獵人如何鑒别不死生物？ 

02:13①Antoine Augustin Calmet, the 18th-century distinguished biblical scholar, carefully collected and examined numerous reports of vampire attacks that were emerging from eastern Europe in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. 

18世紀著名聖經學者安東尼·奧古斯汀·卡爾梅特仔細收集和研究了17世紀末18世紀初東歐出現的大量關於吸血鬼襲擊的報告。

04:29②The incorruptibility of a corpse was thought to be evidence that a dead person was a vampire. 

屍體的不可腐蝕性是確認死者為吸血鬼的證據。

06:06③Accounts in Calmet's Dissertation also noted that vampires' hair and fingernails continued to lengthen even after death. 

卡爾梅的論文中還提到，吸血鬼的頭發和指甲即使在死亡后仍會繼續生長。

07:15④Bloodstains on an unearthed corpse was also a sign that someone had become a vampire. 

挖掘出土的屍體上存在血跡，同樣能說明有人變成了吸血鬼。

08:35⑤Allegedly, when the stake penetrated the body, the vampire would let out a cry, further proof that the vampire had been alive. 

據悉，當木樁刺穿死者屍體時，吸血鬼會發出哭喊聲，進一步證明吸血鬼還活著。

10:05⑥Calmet's collection of vampire stories fed the imagination and inspired the imaginations of several 19th-century authors who all helped pioneer the vampire story as a popular literary genre. 

卡爾梅收集的吸血鬼故事豐富了人們的想象力，激發了19世紀多位作家們的靈感，這些作家都幫助開創了吸血鬼故事成為一種流行文學體裁的先河。

ALBUM
The 1922 silent film Noseferatu, an unauthorized adaption of Bram Stoker's Dracula, starred actor Max Schrek as Count Orlock, whose appearance resembles to vampires from eastern European folklore.
1922年的無聲電影Noseferatu（未經許可改編自布拉姆·斯托克的《吸血鬼德古拉》），演員馬克斯·史瑞克（Max Schrek）飾演Count Orlock，其外觀類似於東歐民間傳說中的吸血鬼。

NURPHOTO/GETTY IMAGES
Belief in vampires and ways to eradicate them existed in the Middle Ages too. When epidemics struck, they were often blamed on vampires and "suspicious" corpses would be disinterred. Skeletons have been found with iron stakes driven into their chests. Skulls with large stones or bricks placed in their mouth have also been discovered—an exorcism technique believed to keep the corpse from eating its way out of the grave.
中世紀，人們也相信吸血鬼的存在，也流傳著消滅吸血鬼的辦法。當流行病來襲，人們往往歸咎於吸血鬼，會把“可疑”的屍體從地下挖出來。根據考古發現，屍骨的胸膛里會插著鐵樁，也有屍骨的嘴里放著大石頭或磚塊，這是一種驅魔術，當時的人們覺得這可以防止屍體吃光一切，從墳墓里爬出來。

WHITE IMAGES/SCALA, FLORENCE
Having been pierced through the heart with a stake, the body of a suspected vampire is "inished off" with a gunshot in a Transylvanian cemetery. 19th-century engraving
19世紀版畫。一具疑似變為吸血鬼的屍體被人們用木樁刺穿了心臟，在特蘭西瓦尼亞公墓遭“槍決”。

BRITISH LIBRARY/BRIDGEMAN/ACI
An engraving from the 1872 serialization of J.S. le Fanu's vampire story, "Carmilla"
1872年連載版畫，雪利登·拉·芬努的吸血鬼故事《卡蜜拉》

ROYAL ARMOURIES MUSEUM/ALAMY/ACI
An anti-vampire kit, made up of 19th- and 20th-century items. Royal Armouries Museum, Leeds
英國利茲皇家軍械博物館，一個對抗吸血鬼的工具包，其中的物件來自19世紀和20世紀。

精選語言點

1. 詞彙

1）identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 認出，識别

A four months old baby can identify its parents by their voices.

小孩四個月了，已經可以通過聲音辨别出親人了。

v. 確認，認同

I find it hard to identify with you. 

我很難認同你。

2）distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/ adj. 傑出的，卓越的

He is a distinguished writer. 

就是說他是個傑出的作家。

3）biblical /ˈbɪblɪkl/ adj. 和聖經有關的

bible 聖經

4）emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ v. 浮現，出現；被知曉，被揭露

The truth will eventually emerge. 

真相總有大白的一天。

5）incorruptibility /ˌɪnkəˌrʌptəˈbɪləti/ n. 不腐爛的特性

前綴in-表否定，后綴-ibility表某種能力

corrupt v. 腐蝕，腐壞

Many parents believe that video games are corrupting children's minds. 

許多家長認為電子遊戲在腐蝕孩子們的心靈。

corrupt v. 腐敗

The officer is under investigation for corrupt practices. 

這個官員正因為腐敗行為遭受調查。

6）lengthen /ˈleŋθən/ v. 延長

length n. 長度 + 后綴en → lengthen

Our country is planning to lengthen the spring festival vacation. 

我們國家在計劃延長春節假期。

類似造詞法：widen 拓寬，heighten 提高，shorten 縮短

7）bloodstain /ˈblʌdsteɪn/ n. 血跡

stain n. 汙點，汙漬

8）unearth /ʌnˈɜːθ/ v. 發掘，出土

9）allegedly /əˈledʒɪdli/ adv. 據說，據傳

10）penetrate /ˈpenətreɪt/ v. 刺穿

11）pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驅，先鋒；v. 成為先鋒，走在前列

2. 詞組

1）let out a cry 發出慘叫

原文鏈接

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/vampire-mania-in-eastern-europe